霧

Fog

Level 76

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 霧 (fog/mist) evolved from ancient pictographs depicting atmospheric phenomena. In oracle bone script, it often showed cloud-like formations with contextual elements indicating obscurity. The character follows the standard phonetic-semantic compound structure: 雨 (rain/weather) as the semantic radical indicating weather-related phenomena, and 敄 (wù) as the phonetic component suggesting pronunciation. Throughout Chinese script evolution—from bronze inscriptions to clerical script and standard kaishu—the character maintained this fundamental structure while becoming more stylized and regularized. The character embodies the concept of limited visibility and atmospheric moisture, representing both literal fog and metaphorical obscurity in classical texts. Arrived in Japan: The character 霧 likely arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE as part of the broader introduction of Chinese writing system through Korean scribes and Buddhist texts. It was incorporated into the Japanese writing system as a kanji character, reading as 'kiri' in native Japanese reading and 'mu' in Sino-Japanese on'yomi reading. The character appears in early Japanese texts such as the 8th century Man'yōshū poetry anthology, indicating it was well-established in Japanese writing by the Nara period (710-794 CE).

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

ム

Kunyomi (訓読み)

きり

Related Vocabulary

黒い霧
thick fog (of suspicion), black veil of secrecy, covered-up crime, unethical act, etc.
朝霧
morning fog, morning mist
霧
fog, mist, spray