過

Surpass

Level 64

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 過 (guò) evolved from ancient pictographs representing the concept of 'passing' or 'crossing.' Its composition combines the radical 辵 (chuò), depicting movement along a road, with 咼 (guā), which may represent a skull or bony structure, suggesting the passage of time or crossing a boundary. In oracle bone script, it showed a foot crossing a line or boundary. During bronze script periods, the elements became more stylized, eventually formalizing in small seal script as the recognizable 過 character. The meaning expanded from physical 'passing' to include 'exceeding,' 'mistake' (as in passing beyond what's correct), and 'experiencing' (as in passing through time). Arrived in Japan: The character 過 likely arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE, along with the broader introduction of Chinese writing system through Buddhist texts and diplomatic exchanges. It was formally adopted into Japanese writing during the Asuka and Nara periods (6th-8th centuries) as part of the man'yōgana system, eventually becoming standard in kanji usage with readings 'ka' (as in 過ぎる/sugiru - to pass/exceed) and '過ち' (ayamachi - error).

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

カ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

すあやま

Related Vocabulary

過ぎ
past, after, too (much), over- (e.g. eating)
過ぎる
to pass through, to pass by, to go beyond, to pass (of time), to elapse, to have expired, to have ended, to be over, to exceed, to surpass, to be above, to be no more than ...
過ごす
to spend (time), to pass, to lead (a life), to live, to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption), to drink (alcohol), to carry too far, to carry to excess, to take care of, to support, to overdo, to do too much
過去
the past, bygone days, one's past (that one would prefer remained secret), past (tense), preterit, preterite, previous life
過去形
past tense
過酷
severe, harsh, hard, cruel, rigorous
過剰
excess, surplus, superabundance, overabundance
過疎
underpopulation, low population density, depopulation
過程
process, course, mechanism
過敏
nervousness, oversensitivity