賢

Clever

Level 90

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 賢 (xián) originally depicted a hand (又) over an eye (臣), suggesting the ability to discern and manage affairs skillfully. Over time, it incorporated the phonetic element '臤' and the radical '貝' (shell, wealth), evolving to mean 'wise,' 'virtuous,' or 'talented.' In ancient China, it described someone with moral integrity and intellectual excellence, often used for sage advisors. The character reflects the cultural emphasis on wisdom as a valuable asset, akin to material wealth. Arrived in Japan: The character 賢 likely arrived in Japan during the 5th to 6th centuries CE, alongside the introduction of Chinese writing systems (Kanji) through Buddhist texts and Confucian classics. It was formally adopted into Japanese during the Asuka and Nara periods (6th–8th centuries), as part of the broader cultural exchange with China and the Korean peninsula.

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

ケン

Kunyomi (訓読み)

かしこ

Related Vocabulary

悪賢い
cunning, crafty, wily, sly
賢い
wise, clever, smart, well-behaved (esp. children and pets), obedient, good
賢人
wise person, virtuous person, sage, unrefined sake
賢明
wise, sensible, well-advised, intelligent, sagacious, prudent