石

Stone

Level 6

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 石 (stone) originated as a pictograph showing a cliff with a rock falling beneath it. In oracle bone script (甲骨文), it depicted a rock hanging from a cliff. Over time, it evolved through bronze script (金文) to the modern standardized form. In Liushutong, L28347 represents a classical variant that closely resembles the modern 石 character. The character fundamentally means 'stone' or 'rock' and appears in words related to minerals, hardness, and measurement (as in 石 in the Japanese koku measurement system). Arrived in Japan: The character 石 arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE, likely through the Korean peninsula as part of the broader introduction of Chinese writing systems. It was incorporated into the Japanese writing system and appears in the Manyōshū (8th century), Japan's oldest existing poetry collection, indicating its established use by the Nara period.

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

セキ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

いし

Related Vocabulary

鉱石
ore, mineral, crystal
砕石
crushed stone, macadam, crushing (rock)
磁石
magnet, compass
石
stone, rock, pebble, jewel, precious stone, flint (in a lighter), (round) game piece, stone (in go, etc.), disc (in Othello), stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.), calculus
石垣
stone wall
石炭
coal
石碑
stone monument
石油
oil, petroleum, kerosene, paraffin
胆石
gallstone
宝石
gem, jewel, precious stone