病

Sick, Sickness, Ill

Level 42

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 病 (bìng) evolved from ancient pictographs showing a person lying on a bed (疒), combined with 丙 which may represent sound or possibly indicate 'fire/heat' suggesting fever. In oracle bone script, the 'bed' radical depicted a person resting due to illness. Over centuries, the character simplified to its current form, maintaining the sickness radical (疒) with 丙 as phonetic component. The character consistently meant 'sickness', 'disease', or 'ailment' throughout Chinese history, representing both physical and metaphorical maladies. Arrived in Japan: The character 病 arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE along with the broader introduction of Chinese writing system (kanji) through Korean scholars and Buddhist texts. It was formally incorporated into the Japanese writing system during the Asuka and Nara periods (6th-8th centuries), appearing in early Japanese texts like the Kojiki (712 CE) and Manyoshu (8th century).

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

ビョウ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

ややまい

Related Vocabulary

疫病
epidemic, plague, pestilence
疾病
illness, disease
性病
sexually transmitted disease, STD, sexually transmitted infection, STI, venereal disease, VD
精神病
mental illness, psychosis
伝染病
contagious disease, communicable disease, transmissible disease, infectious disease, epidemic
肺病
lung disease, chest trouble, pulmonary tuberculosis
皮膚病
skin disease
病む
to fall ill, to suffer from (e.g. a disease), to have something wrong with (e.g. an inner organ), to be depressed, to feel down, to have mental health issues
病院
hospital, clinic, doctor's office, doctor's surgery, infirmary
病気
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold), disease, sickness, bad habit, bad behaviour, weakness, failing, crazy, insane, disturbed, sick in the head