流

Stream

Level 43

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 流 (liú) depicts 'flowing water.' Its earliest forms in oracle bone and bronze scripts showed a child or infant (子) born headfirst with amniotic fluid, representing the 'flow' of birth. Later, it evolved to combine 水 (water) and a component suggesting movement or continuation. In Liushutong, L11918 shows a transitional form where the water radical is clearly present alongside elements that would standardize into the modern 流. The character embodies meanings of flowing, moving liquid, circulating, spreading, and by extension, things that flow like currents, trends, or schools of thought. Arrived in Japan: The character 流 arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE, primarily through the introduction of Chinese writing systems and Buddhist texts. It was adopted into Japanese as the kanji 流, reading as 'ryū' (as in school/style) or 'nagareru' (to flow), and became integrated into many compound words and cultural concepts including martial arts schools (bujutsu ryūha) and artistic traditions.

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

リュウル

Kunyomi (訓読み)

なが

Related Vocabulary

一流
first-class, first-rate, top-flight, top-ranking, leading, eminent, top, characteristic (of), peculiar (to), unique (to), school (e.g. of flower arrangement), one flag
渓流
mountain stream, mountain torrent
濁流
muddy stream
潮流
tide, tidal current, tendency, drift, trend
漂流
drifting, drift, being adrift
本流
main course (of a river), mainstream, main current (e.g. of thought)
流す
to drain, to pour, to run, to let flow, to flush, to shed (blood, tears), to spill, to float (e.g. logs down a river), to set adrift, to wash away, to carry away, to sweep away
流れる
to stream, to flow (liquid, time, etc.), to run (ink), to be washed away, to be carried, to drift, to float (e.g. clouds), to wander, to stray, to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire), to spread, to circulate
流行
fashion, trend, vogue, craze, fad, popularity, prevalence (of a disease), epidemic
流行歌
popular song, hit song