殺

Kill

Level 53

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 殺 (kill) evolved from ancient pictographs depicting violent actions. In oracle bone script, it showed a man being struck by a weapon. By the bronze script era, it incorporated 殳 (a hand holding a weapon) and 朮 (possibly representing the victim). The character solidified during the small seal script period with its current components: 殳 (weapon) combined with other elements suggesting destruction. Throughout Chinese history, 殺 has maintained its core meaning of killing, slaughter, or violent death, but also extended to meanings like 'to fight,' 'to weaken,' or 'to reduce intensity' as in 殺菌 (sterilize) or 殺到 (rush in). Arrived in Japan: The character 殺 arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE, primarily through the introduction of Chinese writing systems via Korean peninsula. It appears in early Japanese documents like the 8th century Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, and was incorporated into the Manyōgana system. The character maintained both its literal meaning of killing and its extended meanings in Japanese, appearing in compounds like 殺人 (satsujin - murder) and 殺害 (satsugai - killing).

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

サツサイ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

ころ

Related Vocabulary

暗殺
assassination
虐殺
slaughter, massacre
絞殺
strangling (to death), strangulation
殺す
to kill, to slay, to murder, to slaughter, to suppress, to block, to hamper, to destroy (e.g. talent), to eliminate (e.g. an odour), to spoil (e.g. a flavour), to kill (e.g. one's speed), to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.)
殺菌
sterilization, sterilisation, disinfection, pasteurization
殺人
murder, homicide, manslaughter
殺人者
killer, murderer
殺虫剤
insecticide, pesticide
斬殺
killing with a sword (knife, dagger, etc.), slaying, putting to the sword
自殺
suicide