横

Side, Horizontal

Level 40

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 横 (héng/héng) originated in ancient China, composed of 木 (tree/wood) and 黃 (yellow). Its original meaning related to horizontal beams or crosspieces in wooden structures. Over time, it evolved to encompass broader meanings of 'horizontal,' 'sideways,' 'across,' and by extension, 'wide,' 'broad,' and even 'perverse' or 'unreasonable' when used metaphorically. The Liushutong form shows an early variant where the components were arranged differently, reflecting the fluid nature of character forms before standardization. Arrived in Japan: The character 横 arrived in Japan during the Yayoi period or early Kofun period (approximately 3rd-5th centuries CE) through the introduction of Chinese writing systems, likely via Korean peninsula. It became established in the Japanese writing system as part of the kanji imported during the broader cultural transmission that included Buddhism and Chinese classical texts.

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

オウ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

よこ

Related Vocabulary

横
horizontal (as opposed to vertical), side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back), width, breadth, side (of a box, etc.), beside, aside, next to, unconnected
横綱
yokozuna (highest rank in sumo), grand champion, best in its field, crème de la crème, cream of the crop
横浜
Yokohama (city)
縦横
length and breadth, length and width, warp and weft, warp and woof