有

Have

Level 43

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 有 (yǒu) originally depicted a hand holding a piece of meat (月, which is actually 'meat' radical, not 'moon'), representing the concept of 'having' or 'possessing.' In ancient oracle bone script, it showed a clear hand grasping meat, symbolizing ownership and possession. Over time, the form simplified - the hand became the ナ-like component on top, while the meat portion remained as 月 below. The character evolved through bronze script, seal script, and clerical script before reaching its modern form. Beyond literal possession, 有 also conveys existence and affirmation, as in 'there is' or 'to have.' Arrived in Japan: The character 有 arrived in Japan during the Yayoi period (300 BCE - 300 CE) through cultural exchange with China, likely via the Korean peninsula. It was systematically introduced along with other Chinese characters during the 5th-6th centuries CE when Chinese writing and Buddhism were formally adopted by the Japanese court. The character maintained both its meaning of 'to have' and its readings - the Sino-Japanese 'yū' and native Japanese reading 'aru.'

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

ユウウ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

あ

Related Vocabulary

共有
joint ownership, co-ownership, sharing (e.g. a viewpoint), sharing (files, devices on a network, posts on social media, etc.)
固有名詞
proper noun
有り難う
thank you, thanks
有る
to be, to exist, to live, to have, to be located, to be equipped with, to happen, to come about, to exist (in a completed state), to be (something unchanged in its current state)
有意
significant, meaningful, intentional, volitional
有益
beneficial, profitable, useful, helpful, instructive
有罪
guilt, culpability
有職
holding a job, being employed, gainful employment, being learned, being knowledgeable, having great artistic talent, being a skilled performer, being well-versed in usages or practices of the court or military households
有毒
poisonous, toxic
有名
famous, well-known