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The character 憤 (fèn) evolved from ancient Chinese pictographs and ideographs. Its modern form consists of the radical 忄(heart/mind) combined with 賁 (run/charge), creating the meaning of 'indignation,' 'anger,' or 'resentment' - essentially describing a state where one's heart is charging with emotion. In the Liushutong system, this character represents the phonetic-loan principle where components combine to convey both sound and meaning. The character embodies the concept of pent-up emotional energy seeking release. Arrived in Japan: The character 憤 likely arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE along with the broader introduction of Chinese writing system through Buddhist texts and cultural exchange. It was formally adopted into the Japanese writing system and appears in early Japanese literary works, though the exact date of its first documented use in Japan is uncertain.