周

Circumference

Level 53

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 周 originally depicted a field with densely planted crops, representing the concept of 'dense' or 'thorough.' Over time, it evolved to mean 'surround' or 'encircle,' and eventually came to signify 'complete' or 'entire.' In ancient China, it was also used as the name of the Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BCE), which was known for its sophisticated rituals and centralized governance. The character's structure combines 用 (use) and 口 (mouth/enclosure), symbolizing both practical application and comprehensive coverage. Arrived in Japan: The character 周 likely arrived in Japan during the 5th to 6th centuries CE, along with other Chinese characters and cultural elements, through Korean peninsula intermediaries and direct contact with China. It was formally adopted into the Japanese writing system as part of the kanji characters during the Asuka and Nara periods (6th-8th centuries).

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

シュウ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

まわ

Related Vocabulary

一周
one round, one circuit, one revolution, one lap, one turn
一周忌
first anniversary of a person's death
周り
circumference, girth, surroundings, neighbourhood, neighborhood, vicinity, people surrounding oneself, surrounding circumstances
周囲
surroundings, environs, circumference
周期
cycle, period
周年
whole year, entire year, n-th year anniversary