南

South

Level 22

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 南 (nán) originally depicted a hanging percussion instrument in oracle bone script, possibly a bell or chime set. Over time, its meaning shifted through bronze script to clerical script, eventually being borrowed phonetically to represent 'south' - the direction where warm winds come from and where ancient Chinese rulers faced during rituals. The character evolved from a pictograph of a musical instrument to its modern directional meaning through semantic extension and phonetic loan. Arrived in Japan: The character 南 arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE, along with the broader introduction of Chinese writing system (kanji) through Buddhist texts and cultural exchange with the Korean peninsula and China. It became part of the Japanese writing system during the Asuka and Nara periods.

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

ナン

Kunyomi (訓読み)

みなみ

Related Vocabulary

南
south
南緯
southern latitude
南瓜
pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.), squash
南極
South Pole, the Antarctic, Antarctica
南極圏
Antarctic Circle, the Antarctic
南口
south entrance, south exit
南東
southeast
南蛮
southern barbarians (name used in ancient China for non-Chinese ethnic groups to the south), South-East Asian countries (in the late-Muromachi and Edo periods), Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal and their South-East Asian colonies; late-Muromachi and Edo periods), foreign (of goods from South-East Asia and Western Europe), exotic (esp. in a Western European or South-East Asian style), chili pepper, nanban, dish prepared using chili peppers and Welsh onions, thrusting the right foot and right arm forward at the same time (or left foot and left arm; in kabuki, dance, puppetry, etc.)
南米
South America