十

Ten

Level 10

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 十 (ten) is one of the oldest and most stable Chinese characters. Its earliest forms in Oracle Bone Script (c. 1600–1100 BCE) were a simple vertical line, sometimes with a knot or bulge in the middle, representing the number ten—the completion of a counting cycle on two hands. By the time of Seal Script, it had standardized into the familiar cross shape we know today, symbolizing the intersection of all directions or the completeness of a unit. Its core meaning of 'ten' and 'complete' has remained unchanged for millennia. Arrived in Japan: The character 十, along with the Chinese writing system, is believed to have arrived in Japan around the 5th century CE, likely via the Korean peninsula. It was part of the initial wave of kanji adopted for writing and was integrated into the Japanese number system.

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

ジュウ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

とお

Related Vocabulary

五十
fifty, 50
五十音順
standard gojūon syllabary order (beginning with aiueo)
四十
forty, 40
十
ten, 10, ten years of age
十月
October, tenth month of the lunar calendar
十日
10th day of the month, ten days
十万
100,000, hundred thousand
十六
sixteen, 16
二十歳
20 years old
二十日
20th day of the month, 20 days