供

Servant, Companion

Level 99

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 供 evolved from ancient forms depicting a person (人 or 亻 radical) presenting offerings with both hands. In Liushutong, L00856 shows an early variant where the 'person' component is clear, combined with elements suggesting ritual presentation. Originally meaning 'to supply' or 'to offer,' it developed connotations of 'attendant' or 'servant' (one who provides service) and 'to confess' (to provide information). The modern form 供 maintains the person radical with 共 (together), suggesting collective offering or service. Arrived in Japan: The character 供 likely arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE along with the broader introduction of Chinese writing systems, possibly through Buddhist texts where it appeared in contexts like 供養 (kuyō, memorial service) and 供物 (kumotsu, offerings). It became established in Japanese as both 供 (tomo, attendant) and in compounds like 提供 (teikyō, provision).

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

キョウ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

ともそな

Related Vocabulary

供える
to offer, to sacrifice, to dedicate
供給
supply, provision
子供
child, children
提供
offer, tender, providing, supplying, making available, donating (blood, organs, etc.), sponsoring (a TV program)