乏

Scarce

Level 79

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 乏 originally depicted a person wandering or going astray, representing the concept of 'lack' or 'scarcity.' In ancient oracle bone script, it showed a foot pointing in the wrong direction, symbolizing deviation from the correct path. Over time, the character evolved through bronze script and seal script into its current simplified form. The meaning shifted from physical wandering to abstract scarcity - what one lacks when straying from prosperity. In modern usage, 乏 means 'to lack,' 'deficient,' or 'poor,' appearing in words like 貧乏 (poor) and 乏しい (scarce). Arrived in Japan: The character 乏 likely arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE along with the broader introduction of Chinese writing systems, possibly through Buddhist texts and diplomatic exchanges. It became integrated into the Japanese writing system as part of the kanji imported during the Asuka and Nara periods, though specific documentation for this individual character's arrival is not recorded.

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

ボウ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

とぼ

Related Vocabulary

窮乏
poverty, destitution, privation, indigence, penury
欠乏
deficiency, insufficiency, shortage, lack, want, dearth, scarcity
貧乏
poverty-stricken, destitute, poor, penurious
貧乏人
poor person, the poor
乏しい
meagre, meager, scarce, limited, destitute, hard up, lacking, scanty, poor