首

Neck

Level 28

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 首 (shǒu) originally depicted a human head with prominent hair or a headdress. In oracle bone script, it clearly showed a face with eyes and hair above. The character evolved through bronze script and seal script, gradually simplifying while maintaining the head motif. 首 primarily means 'head' or 'chief,' but also extends to 'beginning' or 'first.' Interestingly, it's related to 頁 (which also means head) and 道 (the head leading the way). In modern usage, 首 appears in words like 首都 (capital city), 首相 (prime minister), and 首脳 (leader). Arrived in Japan: The character 首 arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE, primarily through the introduction of Chinese writing systems via Korean peninsula. It was adopted into Japanese as 'kubi' (neck/head) and 'shu' (chief/head) readings, appearing in early Japanese texts like the Kojiki (712 CE) and Manyoshu (8th century).

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

シュ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

くび

Related Vocabulary

手首
wrist
首
neck, head, dismissal (from a job), firing, sacking
首になる
to be sacked, to be fired, to be dismissed, to be beheaded
首班
head, leader, prime minister
足首
ankle
乳首
nipple, teat
縛り首
(death by) hanging
部首
radical (of a kanji character)