飯

Meal, Food

Level 50

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 飯 (meal, cooked rice) evolved from ancient pictographs showing food preparation. The left component 食 represents 'food' or 'to eat,' depicting a covered vessel containing grains. The right component 反 originally meant 'to turn over' or 'against,' but in this context likely served a phonetic function while also suggesting the action of cooking - turning and preparing food over fire. Over centuries, the character simplified from its bronze script forms to the modern standardized 飯, consistently maintaining its core meaning of cooked rice or a meal throughout Chinese writing history. Arrived in Japan: The character 飯 likely arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE along with the broader introduction of Chinese writing system (kanji) through Korean scribes and Chinese classics. It appears in early Japanese texts like the 8th-century Man'yōshū poetry collection, indicating it was well-established in Japanese writing by the Nara period (710-794 CE).

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

ハン

Kunyomi (訓読み)

めし

Related Vocabulary

ご飯
cooked rice, meal
御飯
cooked rice, meal
炊飯器
rice cooker
昼ご飯
lunch, midday meal
朝ご飯
breakfast
飯
cooked rice, meal, food, one's living, livelihood
晩ご飯
dinner, evening meal