降

Descend

Level 98

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 降 depicts a hill or mound (阝, the left radical meaning 'mound' or 'hill') with two feet descending downward (夅, the right component). This composition visually represents the concept of 'descending' or 'coming down.' In ancient oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, the character clearly showed footsteps moving downward along a slope. Over time, the form simplified and standardized into the modern 降, retaining its core meaning of descent, submission, or reduction. The character can mean both literal physical descent (as in降落 - landing) and metaphorical lowering (as in降价 - price reduction). Arrived in Japan: The character 降 arrived in Japan during the Yayoi period (around 300 BCE to 300 CE) through the introduction of Chinese writing systems, likely via Korean peninsula. It became firmly established in Japanese writing by the Nara period (710-794 CE) when systematic adoption of Chinese characters occurred. In Japanese, it's read as 'kō' (こう) in on'yomi (Chinese reading) and 'fu.ru' (ふる) or 'o.riru' (おりる) in kun'yomi (Japanese reading), maintaining similar meanings of descent or falling.

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

コウ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

おふ

Related Vocabulary

以降
on and after, from ... onward, since
降りる
to descend (e.g. a mountain), to go down, to come down, to alight (e.g. from bus), to get off, to disembark, to dismount, to step down, to retire, to give up, to quit, to fold
降る
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.), to come down, to form (of frost), to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight), to pour in, to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.), to come, to arrive
降ろす
to take down, to bring down, to lower (a hand, flag, shutter, etc.), to drop (an anchor, curtain, etc.), to let down (hair), to launch (a boat), to drop off (a passenger), to let off, to unload (goods, a truck, etc.), to offload, to discharge, to withdraw (money)
降参
surrender, submission, capitulation, being defeated (e.g. by a problem), giving up, giving in
降車
alighting (from a train, bus, etc.), getting off, getting out (of a car)
降伏
surrender, capitulation, submission, yield