親

Parent

Level 21

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 親 (qīn) evolved from ancient pictographs showing a person standing by a tree, looking intently. The modern form combines 見 (to see) with 辛 (bitter) or 立 (stand) variants, though the standard form uses 見 under 亲. Originally meaning 'to see closely' or 'to visit', it developed to mean 'parent' (one who watches closely), 'intimate', 'relatives', and 'to personally engage'. The core concept revolves around close observation and familial connection. Arrived in Japan: The character 親 arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE, along with the broader introduction of Chinese writing system (kanji) through Korean scholars and Buddhist texts. It was formally adopted into Japanese as 'oya' (parent) and 'shin' (close relation) during the systematization of writing in the Nara period (710-794 CE).

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

シン

Kunyomi (訓読み)

おやした

Related Vocabulary

懇親
friendship, intimacy
親
parent, parents, mother and father, dealer, banker, founder, inventor, (pet) owner, key, parent (organization), main, ancestor
親しい
close (e.g. friend), familiar, friendly, intimate, familiar (e.g. story), well-known (to one), close (relatives), closely related
親孝行
filial piety, being kind to one's parents, taking care of one's parents
親子丼
oyakodon, bowl of rice topped with chicken and egg (or other parent-child ingredient pairing), threesome including a parent and child
親指
thumb, big toe
親戚
relative, relation, kin
親切
kind, gentle, considerate, generous, friendly, nice
親展
confidential
親不孝
lack of filial piety, disobedience to one's parents, ungrateful child, unfilial child