突

Stab, Thrust

Level 98

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 突 (tū) evolved from ancient pictographs depicting a dog (犬) suddenly rushing out from a hole or hiding place (穴). This composition perfectly captures its core meaning of 'suddenness' and 'bursting forth.' In oracle bone script, the character showed a more simplified form of a dog emerging. Over centuries, the components 穴 (cave/hole) and 犬 (dog) became standardized in clerical script and eventually evolved into the modern form 突. The character carries meanings of sudden attack, breakthrough, and protruding - all connected to the imagery of unexpected emergence. Arrived in Japan: The character 突 arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE, primarily through the introduction of Chinese writing systems and Buddhist texts. It was adopted into Japanese as 'totsu' in on'yomi reading and 'tsuku' in kun'yomi reading, maintaining similar meanings of thrusting, rushing, and suddenness. The character became firmly established during the Nara period (710-794 CE) when Chinese cultural influence peaked and Japan systematically adopted Chinese characters for writing and official records.

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

トツ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

つ

Related Vocabulary

衝突
collision, crash, impact, running into, clash, skirmish, conflict, discord, quarrel, brush
唐突
abrupt, sudden
突く
to prick, to stab, to poke, to prod, to push, to thrust, to nudge, to hit, to strike, to use (a cane), to prop oneself up with, to press against (the floor, etc.)
突貫
charging (at the enemy) with a shout, rush, rushing (an activity), working at full speed, penetration, piercing
突然
abrupt, sudden, unexpected
突如
suddenly, all of a sudden, unexpectedly