独

Alone

Level 63

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 独 (dú) originally depicted a fierce animal in ancient Chinese oracle bone script, often interpreted as a 'badger' or 'ferocious beast.' Through the Liushutong system, it evolved to combine the 'beast' radical 犭(quǎn) with the phonetic component 虫 (chóng). In classical Chinese, 独 meant 'alone' or 'solitary,' reflecting the solitary nature of certain animals. Over time, it became the standard character for 'alone,' 'only,' or 'unique,' losing its original animal connotation while retaining the beast radical as a semantic clue. Arrived in Japan: The character 独 arrived in Japan during the Yayoi period (300 BCE-300 CE) or early Kofun period (300-538 CE) through cultural exchange with China, likely via Korean peninsula. It was systematically introduced along with other Chinese characters during the Asuka period (538-710 CE) when Japan adopted Chinese writing systems, appearing in early Japanese texts like the Kojiki (712 CE) and Nihon Shoki (720 CE).

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

ドク

Kunyomi (訓読み)

ひと

Related Vocabulary

孤独
solitude, loneliness, isolation
独り
one person, being alone, being by oneself, being single, being unmarried, by oneself, alone, just, only, simply
独り言
soliloquy, monologue, speaking to oneself
独学
self-education, self-instruction, self-study
独裁
dictatorship, despotism, autocracy, running (a company, etc.) despotically
独唱
vocal solo
独身
unmarried, single
独占
monopoly, monopolization, exclusivity, hogging, keeping to oneself
独創
originality
独特
peculiarity, uniqueness, characteristic