沈

Sink

Level 87

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 沈 evolved from ancient pictographs depicting sinking or submerging in water. In oracle bone script, it showed a cow or sheep being submerged in water as a sacrificial offering. The character combines 氵(water) with 冘(which originally meant 'heavy' or 'sinking'). Over time, it came to mean 'sink', 'submerge', 'deep', or 'heavy'. It also developed the meaning of 'Chen' as a surname, representing one of the oldest Chinese family names dating back to the Zhou Dynasty. Arrived in Japan: The character 沈 arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE along with the introduction of Chinese writing system (kanji) through Korean scribes and Buddhist texts. It was formally incorporated into the Japanese writing system during the Asuka period (538-710 CE) as part of the broader cultural exchange with China.

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

チン

Kunyomi (訓読み)

しず

Related Vocabulary

沈む
to sink, to go under, to submerge, to go down (e.g. sun), to set, to descend, to feel depressed, to become subdued, to become somber
沈める
to sink (e.g. a ship), to submerge, to lower (e.g. one's body into a chair), to floor (an opponent)
沈滞
stagnation, inactivity
沈没
sinking, foundering, going down, submersion, getting dead drunk, having too much fun (esp. in a red-light district, etc.) and missing work or neglecting one's duties, staying in one place for a long time