土

Dirt, Soil, Earth

Level 6

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 土 depicts a mound of earth, originally representing a sacrificial altar made of earth in ancient Chinese rituals. In oracle bone script, it appeared as a mound with a sacrificial vessel on top. Over time, it evolved through bronze script to the modern rectangular form. The character fundamentally means 'earth,' 'soil,' or 'ground,' and forms the basis for many characters related to land, territory, and construction. It represents one of the Five Elements in Chinese philosophy and appears in concepts like 'local' (本地) and 'territory' (领土). Arrived in Japan: The character 土 arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE, primarily through the introduction of Chinese writing systems via Korean peninsula. It was adopted into Japanese as 'tsuchi' (soil/earth) and became part of the Japanese writing system during the Asuka and Nara periods when Chinese characters were systematically imported along with Buddhism and Confucian texts.

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

ドト

Kunyomi (訓読み)

つち

Related Vocabulary

お土産
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while traveling (travelling), present brought by a visitor, something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation), unwelcome gift, disservice
浄土
pure land (esp. the Western Pure Land paradise of Amitabha), (Buddhist) paradise, Pure Land Buddhism
土
earth, soil, dirt, clay, mud, the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens), the ground, the land, low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud), (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
土砂
sediment, earth and sand
土壌
soil, breeding ground (for), fertile ground (for)
土星
Saturn (planet)
土地
plot of land, lot, soil, locality, region, place
土俵
(wrestling) ring, forum (e.g. for discussion), sandbag, gabion
土俵際
edge of the ring, verge, brink, critical moment, last moment
土塀
mud wall, earthen wall, plaster wall