削

Whittle Down

Level 96

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The kanji 削 is a phono-semantic compound, formed by combining the semantic element 刂 (knife; radical for cutting) with the phonetic element 肖, which also provides semantic reinforcement. The character originally depicted the action of carving or scraping with a knife. In its earliest forms in bronze inscriptions and small seal script, the structure clearly shows a knife (刂) beside 肖, the latter itself a compound of 小 (small) and 肉/月 (flesh), conveying the meaning "to make smaller by cutting." Historically, the character evolved from a more pictographic representation in oracle bone and bronze scripts into the standardized, rectilinear form seen in clerical script (隷書) and finally the modern 削. The core concept has always revolved around reduction or removal through a cutting action, aligning with its meanings of "whittle down," "pare," "scrape off," or "delete." The phonetic component 肖 was chosen because its pronunciation was historically close to "saku" and its inherent meaning of "small" or "diminish" complemented the character's overall sense. This kanji, along with the broader writing system, was introduced to Japan in waves, primarily from China via the Korean peninsula from around the 5th century AD. It was formally adopted and integrated into the Japanese language as part of the kanji orthography. A notable linguistic note is that while 削 means "to whittle down" or "reduce," it is used in modern Japanese computing for "delete" (削除/sakujo), and in the compound 削り節 (katsuobushi) for shaved dried bonito, perfectly illustrating its original sense of scraping or paring something down to smaller pieces.

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

サク

Kunyomi (訓読み)

けず

Related Vocabulary

削る
to shave (wood, leather, etc.), to sharpen (e.g. pencil), to plane, to whittle, to pare, to scrape off, to erode, to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.), to curtail, to reduce, to delete, to erase
削減
cut, reduction, curtailment
削除
deletion, elimination, erasure, striking out