内

Inside, Within

Level 30

How this kanji evolved

Explore each form from the oldest known stage to today.

The character 内 originally depicted 'entering a dwelling' or 'inside a shelter,' composed of 冖 (roof) and 入 (enter) in its ancient form. It evolved from meaning physical 'inside' or 'interior' to abstract concepts like 'within,' 'internal,' and 'inner.' In ancient China, it also referred to the imperial court or the inner chambers of a palace. The character's structure simplified over time, with the modern form 内 appearing in clerical script during the Han dynasty, replacing earlier more pictorial versions. Arrived in Japan: The character 内 arrived in Japan during the 5th-6th centuries CE, primarily through the introduction of Chinese writing systems and Confucian classics. It was formally incorporated into the Japanese writing system during the Asuka period (538-710 CE) as part of the broader cultural exchange with China, and appears in early Japanese texts like the Kojiki (712 CE) and Nihon Shoki (720 CE).

Reading reference

Onyomi (音読み)

ナイ

Kunyomi (訓読み)

うち

Related Vocabulary

案内
guidance, leading (the way), showing around, information, notice, notification, announcement (of a visitor's arrival), informing (someone) of a visitor's arrival, invitation, acquaintance, knowledge
獄内
inside a prison, in prison
社内
within a company, in-house, within a shrine, shrine precincts
車内
inside a car (train, bus, etc.)
体内
interior of the body
邸内
grounds, premises
内
inside, within, while (e.g. one is young), during, within (e.g. a day), in the course of, among, amongst, (out) of, between, in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.), amidst
内因
internal cause, intrinsic motivation
内緒
secrecy, confidentiality, privacy, secret, one's circumstances (esp. fiscal)
内緒話
secret talk